Cybersecurity

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====== IDOR Testing ======

Insecure Direct Object Reference: access resources belonging to other users by manipulating IDs.

===== Core Technique =====

  * Change integer IDs: ''api/user/1'' to ''api/user/2''
  * Try integers even when you see GUIDs or hashed IDs -- server may accept both
  * Check for GUID leaks: public profiles, image URLs, page source
  * Inject ''"id":"1"'' into JSON POST bodies even when not normally present
  * Hunt on **mobile apps first** -- they use APIs directly and often have weaker controls
  * Look specifically for **PUT requests** -- they often modify data by ID

===== Two-Account Testing =====

  - Create Account A and Account B
  - Discover features as Account A
  - Capture requests with your ID
  - Change ID to Account B's resource
  - Send as Account A -- can you read/modify Account B's data?

===== Bypassing IDOR Protection =====

  * **Encoded/hashed IDs** -- try predicting or finding leaks of the underlying integer
  * **Leaked IDs** -- check other API responses, public profile URLs, image filenames
  * **Offer an ID even when not asked** -- add ''?id=2'' or inject into JSON body
  * **Blind IDORs** -- no visible response but action still occurs (email sent, data deleted)
  * **Change the request method** -- GET may be restricted but POST/PUT not
  * **Change the file type** -- ''/resource/1.json'' vs ''/resource/1.xml''

===== High-Value IDOR Targets =====

  * Password changes, account recovery flows
  * Non-public images, receipts, private documents
  * Shipping details, purchase orders
  * Messaging/DM systems
  * User creation and deletion
  * Payment processing views
  * Admin actions

===== Escalation =====

  * Horizontal: access other users' data at the same privilege level
  * Vertical: access admin functions as a regular user
  * Chain with recon: enumerate all user IDs to mass-exfiltrate data

===== See Also =====

  * [[tbhm:12_idor|TBHM IDOR]]
  * [[zseano:auth_session|Auth & Session Bugs]]
  * [[zseano:escalation|Bug Chaining]]
  * [[zseano:start|Methodology Index]]